Writers notebook English 101

Chapter one Genres

A Report has five parts: introduction, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion.

Genres are ways of writing and speaking that help people interact, communicate, and work together.

Genres are meeting places-and meaning places. They are places where writers and readers make
meaning together. Genres help writers know where to start and how to proceed.

Using genres to write successfully:

For readers, genres are guideposts for orienting themselves to a text.
Genres help readers to anticipate what they are likely to find in a document and how they
can use the information in it. When you understand what your readers expect, you can make
strategic choices about what information you will include and how you will present it.

Movie genres:

usually, moviegoers recognize the genre of a movie even before they step into the theater.
Movie studios use posters and previews to help audiences know what to expect and how
to interpret the movie.  Movie genres include romantic comedies, action flicks, documentaries
, murder mysteries, musicals, Science Fiction and Fantasy, or, Thrillers, and others.

My own unique writing process steps.

Analyze the rhetorical situation:Define your topic, State your purpose, and analyze your readers and
contacts and which your text will be read or used.

Invent your ideas: Use inquiry and research to generate your own ideas and discover what others already know
about your topic.

Organized and draft your paper:arrange and compose your ideas into familiar patterns that your readers
will recognize
and find useful.

Choose an appropriate Style: Used techniques of plain and persuasive style to clarify your writing and make it more
compelling

Design your document: develop an appropriate page layout and use visual or audio features to make your ideas more
accessible and attractive to readers.

Revise and edit your work: improve your writing by rewriting, reorganizing, editing, and proofreading your work.

The purpose of genres to help you figure out how people tend to act, react, and interact the situation in which you are writing. So if you tell your readers you are giving them a “movie review,” they will have some predictable expectations about the content, organization, style, and design of your text.

Chapter 2 Topic, Angle, Purpose

Ask yourself if you specific questions about what you need to do for an assignment:

When am I being asked to write about question?  topic

what is new has changed recently about this topic?  angle

what exactly is the assignment asking me to do or accomplish? purpose

who will read this document, and what do they expect? Raiders

where and when will they be reading this document?  context

Chapter 5:Memoirs

Memoir is to explore the meaning of an event or series of events from your past. Choose an interesting  incident from
your life that you want to explore in greater depth.

Make a brainstorming list of as many of these events as you can don't think too much about what you're ready down.
These events don't need to be  beg. Just a list of stories you like to tell others about yourself.

Making a map of the scene: imagine a place where the event happened. Then draw a map of that place. Had as many
details as you can remember- names, buildings, people, events, landmarks.

Record your story is a podcast or video, storyboard the event, to some role-playing.

chapter 15: Inventing ideas prewriting.

Your goal while providing is to figure out what you already known about your topic and to start coming up with new ideas that go beyond your current understanding.

Concept mapping: Is one of the most common prewriting tools.to create a concept map, write your topic in the middle of your screen or paper put a circle around it.
Write down as many other ideas as you can about your topic. Circle those ideas and draw lines that connect them with each other.

prewriting as much as you can turn 5 or 10 minutes from done anything I comes down to your mind. there's also brainstorming or listing, storyboarding.

chapter 20: Developing paragraphs and sections

paragraphs in sections divide your papers into building blocks of ideas to help your readers quickly understand how you have structure to paper. A paragraph job
presents a statement or a claim and then supports or provides it with facts, reasoning, examples, data, anecdotes, quotation, or descriptions.

anecdotes:a short amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person.

chapter 16: Organizing and drafting:

sketching on your papers organization sketch out a rough outline or diagram to help sort out ideas  aren't you get input from others. How can use my white boards
or a glass wall to create an outline or draw a diagram.  more often, people are also using presentation software, like PowerPoint.

music genre to create a basic outline. Girl with Shawna you are using for your paper. Then, turn to that chapter part 2 of running today. At the beginning of each
chapter, you will see a diagram illustrating when are more organizational pattern set the genre tends to follow. This pattern should give you an overall  about actions that
could be included in your outline.

chapter 21:Using basic rhetorical patterns. just to help you organize information into patterns that your readers will find familiar and easy to understand. A variety of rhetorical
patterns are available, but the most common are- narrative, description, definition, classification, cause and effect, comparison and contrast.

Narrative: describe the sequence of events or tells a story in a way that illustrates a specific point. narratives can be woven into just about any genre.

Description often rely on details drawn from the five senses seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, and tasting.

Definition States the exact meaning of a word or phrase. Explains how particular term is being used and why it is being used that way.

Dining hall, Downstairs lobby, Outside pathways, Parkinglot

Chapter 4: Reading critically, thinking analytically.

when reading a text critically oh, you are going deeper, doing things like:

asking insightful and challenging questions, figuring out why people believe some things and are  skeptical of others evaluating the reasoning, Authority, and emotion and the text.

Contextualizing the text culturally, ethically, and politically.

Analyzing the text based on your own values and beliefs.

Critical reading is a key component to good writing.

looking through text most of the time, you're looking through a text, reading the words and viewing the images to figure out what the author saying. You are primarily paying attention

to the context of each sex, it's organization, style, or medium. To go see understand the text main points while gathering the information it provides.

Looking at a text do you want to understand why the author of a particular choices Including:

genre, persuasion strategies, style and direction.

• Chapter 6 profiles:
  
  

a profile is used to describe interesting people, places and events.

What's profiles are written about people hummingbird places and events can offer interesting topics, too.

venting your profiles content if you're profiling person choose someone you can chat on, interview, or research as your subject for profile.

If your subject is a place where event, to something that you can portray inside living being that moves, has emotions, and has change in an interesting way.

The key is finding yourself that is fascinating to you, because if you are not interested, you will find it very difficult to spark a reader's interest.

Answer the 5w and how questions.

Who, what, where, when, why, how.

Who? Who exactly is this person? Who influenced your subject, and who has your subject influenced? Who is regularly involved with your subject?

What? What exactly is this person, place, or event your profiling? What does the person, place, or event look like? What has your subject done that is

especially interesting to you and your readers?

Where? Where did this person come from? Where did this important event happen? Where did the event start and end? Where is this person now?

When? When did the major events in profile happen? When did the story begin? When did it end, or will it probably end?

why? Why did this person or others behave as they did? Why has this person, event, or organization succeed or failed? When is your subject changed in a significant way?

How? How did this person's background shape his or her outlook on life? How does this person you're subject respond to people and events?

How will this person, organization, place, or event be understood or misunderstood in the future?

• Chapter 17
  
  

Star Wars the way you express yourself or your distinctive way of doing something. Handwritten, it's a way of revealing your attitude and feeling about your topic.

Style is not flowery language or fancy words. There's no correct style for particular genre; for example, tend to be written in a plane, objective Style.

Movie reviews are often colorful and upbeat. In some circumstances, throw, a scientific report could use an upbeat style, and a movie review could be serious.

Ultimately, the style you choose depend on what you try to achieve with your writing.

Clarify who or what the sentence is about

Nothing, difficult sentences simply black and clear subject.

you need to decide what the sentence is about. And you can do that topic into the subject position of the sentence.

• Chapter 18
  
  

to design creates a sense of order and gives your readers access points to help them locate the information they need. Document design has two primary purposes to make the information more accessible,

Tell the readers can locate what they need, and to make the document more attractive so people want to read it. Design principle balance. Balance is not a matter of making the page look symmetrical.

The item should balance,

but they shouldn't simply marry each other.

Balancing a page

elements attracting readers eyes to them. Guidelines for balancing features on a page:

pictures way more than written text. Color items weigh more than black and white items. Big items weigh more than small ones. Strange shapes way more than standard shapes.

Things on the right side of the page weigh more than things on the left. Things on the top of the page weigh more than things on the bottom. Moving features, like web pages animations, way more than static ones.

Design principle consistency

Sun features should be used predictably throughout the document:

heading should be used in predictable repeatable way. As you should follow a unified and predictable design Pattern. This should use consistent bullets or number schemes.

Headers, Footers, and page number should be used to help make each page look similar to others. Consistency creates a sense of order, so your readers know what to expect.

Design principle five: contrast

means making different items on the page looks significantly different. You're heading for example, should looks significantly different than the main text. There's a variety of ways to create contrast

in your documents design. You can change the size of the font, color, you shading, you was highlighted features like old face, italics, underlining.

Chapter 8

Literary analysis

In literary analysis, your purpose is to think critically about text and offering reduced new and interesting insights into what the work means or what it represents.

Writing a literary analysis oh, you shouldn't feel like you need to prove that you have the right interpretation. Instead, your a literary analysis should invite your readers to consider work from new and interesting angles,

while showing them a particular angle can lead to fresh insights.

Literary analysis have these features:

• An introduction that identify as the literary work you are analyzing and its background. It should also state your interpretive question about the text and main point That answers the question.
  
  
• Targeted summaries or descriptions of text that Focus only on the events or features that play a key role in your interpretation.
  
  
• Cording material taking directly from the text that moves your interpretation Ford and illustrate your points.
  
  
• Support for your interpretation that shows how your interpretation makes sense and offers fresh insights into the interpretive question.
  
  
• A conclusion that discuss the significance of interpretation.
  
  

Some ideas for getting ideas down on the page.

For the introduction establish your interpretive question a few common features.

include background information that leads to your interpretive question.

Stitcher interpretive question prominently and clearly.

Place your thesis statement at or near the end of the introduction. Provide a clear thesis that answers your interview question. Since a literary analysis his academic in nature, your reader will expect you to State

your main point or thesis statement somewhere near the end of the introduction.

The body: summarize, interpret, support.

Indy body paragraphs, you should take your Reader through urinalysis point-by-point, join them why your interpretation makes sense and leads to interesting new insights.

Summarize and describe key aspects of the work.

Toiletry case, step by step. Take your readers through an analysis point-by-point. Backup HP point with reasoning and evidence, and make connection to your interpretive question in thesis statement.

I am quote the text to backup and illustrate your points.The evidence for your interpretation should come mostly from the text itself. To show your readers what the ticks says by quoting and citing it,

or by describing inside and key scenes and events.

Include outside support, where appropriate. Is your analysis to support your own interpretations, or you can work against him by arguing for different or new perspective.

a conclusion: restate your thesis. In conclusion should also point the reader in New Directions. After this point literary analysis, your readers will expect you to closely follow to text. In conclusion, though,

they were all out more anyway. In a sense, you've earned the right to speculate and consider other ideas.

Literary analysis invite readers into conversation about a literary work. Therefore the sound should be straightforward but also inviting and encouraging.

Chapter 26

 citing, quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing sources

citing sources gives credit to the authors and researchers while demonstrating that you have done your research properly. Citations also allow your readers to locate your sources for their own purposes.

Coding sources allows you to use key words, phrases, or passages taken directly from the works of others. A direct quote conveys the original text’s immediacy and Authority while capturing is tone and style

Paraphrasing sources helps you explain resource’s specific idea or describe its major points using your own words and sentence structures. Typically, a paraphrase will be about the same length as the material in the source.

Summarizing sources allows you to condense a source down to just his major ideas and points. Summer Breeze often described what author saying also how they say. They can also describe an author's underlying values

, reasoning processes, or evidence.

quoting an author or speaker you're importing their exact words into your document. To signal that these words are not yours, always place quotation marks around them and include a parenthetical citation.

Intro, visual document

Cover- let them know you're performing a rhetorical analysis.

-clearly state the subject & some background info (history devel)

-intro is quick

-Basic run down of rhetorical situation of subject.

The author, audience, the purpose, the context.

Thesis statement & focus.

narrow what essay will cover. SUBJECT, PURPOSE OF ANALYSIS, MAIN POINT (OR THESIS)

persuasive appeals -logos pathos, ethos. they are using to control audience

(logic, emotion, character of the subject attempt to persuade)

analysis of the text from beginning to end. can discuss the text separately using logos ethos, pathos.

-conclusion

restate your main ideas and explain why they are important; restate your thesis;

and outline further research or work you believe should be completed to further your efforts.

source with in-text citations & full citation at end. 2 page p178 ideas #2 q!

Chapter 24 - Starting your research

doing research requires more than simply finding books or articles that I agree with your

pre-existing opinion. It requires you to look beyond the first page of  it's on the internet search

engine like Google. Research is about pursuing the truth and developing knowledge,

whether the facts agree with your opinion or not. Learn how to develop your own

research process. Dependable research process allows you to write and speak

with authority, because you will be more confident about the evidence you collect and

reliability of your sources.

Starting research - process a reliable research process is recursive, which means

the researcher collects evidence and then repeatedly tested against a working pieces.

This cyclical process ends when the working pieces fits the evidence you collected.

Define your research question -  a research question identify specifically what you

want to discover about your topic. Name your topic and then write down a question

your research will try to answer. develop a working - thesis working piece is the best

guess at this moment about the answer to your research question.

devise a research plan -  take some time to sketch out your research plan. Your

plan should describe the kinds of evidence, including sources, you will need to

answer your research question. Your plan should also describe how you are going

to collect this evidence along with your deadlines for finding sources.

Chapter 25 -  Finding sources and collecting evidence

choosing primary and secondary sources -  Primary sources, or actual records

or artifacts, such as letters, photographs, videos, memoirs, books, or personal papers,

that are graded by the people involved in the issues and events you are researching.

Secondary sources - Are the writings of Scholars, experts, and other knowledgeable

people who have studied your topic. scholarly books and articles by historians are secondary

sources because their authors and allies and reflect critically on past events. Secondary

sources also includes books, academic journals, magazines, newspapers, and blogs.

Evaluating sources with triangulation -  Try to collect evidence from a variety of sources

and   perspectives. Don't rely on One Source especially the internet, you risked developing

a limited and an accurate understanding of your topic. To avoid this problem, you should triangulate

your research by looking for evidence from three different types of sources:

electronic and online courses: websites, podcasts, videos, DVD's, television, radio, and blogs.

Print sources:  books, journals, magazines, newspapers, government Publications, reference

materials, and microform/microfiche.

empirical sources: personal experiences, archives, field observations, interviews, surveys, case

studies, and experiments.

these three types of horses are called the Research Triangle.

Finding electronic and online sources -  internet is not the only place to do research. You should

use print and empirical sources to triangulate the evidence you find on the internet.

Using internet search engines - Use exact words. Choose words that exactly Target your topic,

and use as many as you need to sharpen your results.

Use the internet consciously - many of these so-called facts on the Internet or I really just opinions

and hearsay with little basis in reality. Also, mini quotes that appear on the internet have been taken

out of context or corrupted in some way. So you need to use information from the internet quickly

and even skeptically. MP4 a professional-looking website.

Using documentaries and television/radio podcast -  Multimedia sources such as television radio

podcasts are available online through websites as well as sites like YouTube and Hulu. Depending

on who made, documentaries and broadcast can be reliable sources. If material is from trustworthy

Source, you can take quotes and cite these kinds of electronic sources in your own work. Other

sources include documentaries, television broadcast, radio broadcast, Vici, blogs, and podcast.

Finding your sources -   look for print sources on your topic. Prince horses are typically most reliable

forms of evidence on just about any subject.

Using empirical sources -  empirical sources include observations, experiments, surveys, and

interviews. Are especially helpful for overcoming or challenging the claims made in your electronic,

online, and print sources.

Chapter 10 - Commentaries

Writing a commentary, usually you try to add something new to an ongoing public  conversation.

Your goal is to convince your readers to agree with you or at least understand your point of view.

Meanwhile, readers of commentaries want to grasp the issue under discussion and understand the

author's angle quickly and easily. They want to learn something new and figure out how someone

else use an important issue. To catch their attention, and commentary needs to snap, makes its point

quickly and memorably.

Inventing commentaries content - to start, you need a good topic. Commentaries are usually written

in response to events that are currently happening. So watch the news, read websites, or search

newspapers and magazines to find an event or issue that people are talking about. Choose a topic

you personally care about so that you can contribute your own views to the general discussion.

Researching: finding out what others know - a successful commentary needs to start with a

foundation of solid research. As a writer, you are common team about events that are still unfolding.

The facts are not known. The goal is to figure out what others are saying and where their support

comes from. Electronic sources, print sources coming. Call sources.

Organizing and drafting your commentary - how do you organize and got you, Carrie, think of what

kind of information would be most persuasive to your readers. figure out what kinds of information

they need to know and what would help you make the strongest case.

Introduction - please remember that your readers will be interested in what you have to say only if

you offered them something new and interesting they had not consider before.

State your topic, and gold, and purpose.

State your main point or thesis statement.

Explain the current event or issue - you should explain what has happened already in summarize

the ongoing conversation about that event. If your readers are already familiar with the topic, you

can keep this section of the commentary brief. If the topic is not familiar to your readers, you should
provide enough background information to help them understand the event or issue. As much as
possible, you should show them both sides or all sides of the issue. Summarize what others have
said about this topic. The objective of the section is to show readers that you understand the ongoing
controversy and that you were able to see more than one side. You will have more credibility if your readers
feel that you are considering all sides seriously and giving everyone a very earring.

Support your position -  support for your side of the argument. Tanner by the strongest 225 major

reasons behind your position.

Clarify your position and conclude your final words with a clear statement of your position in since

of your commitment to it.

Choose an appropriate Style genre usually is a spirited style, which often sets it apart from other

argumentative genres, such as argument papers or proposals. Catch a reader's attention by

projecting a strong Persona with a personal and lively style.

Chapter 27 -  Using MLA style

modern language Association documentation style helps you keep track of your sources,

while showing your readers where you found the supporting information in your document. Most

commonly used in humanities.  Used in scholarly fields because of its flexibility and familiarity.

Sources: Johnson-Sheehan Richard, Charles Paine writing today brief third edition 2016